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ILYASHI LYA KALE | IGNAZ SEMMELWEIS

Ignaz Semmelweis

Ignaz Semmelweis

NALIMO tamwaumfwapo ishina lya kuti Ignaz Semmelweis, lelo uyu umuntu alicitile icintu icayafwa sana abantu abengi muno nshiku. Ignaz Semmelweis afyalilwe mu musumba wa Buda (uo nomba beta ati Budapest), mu calo ca Hungary, kabili ailesambilila ifya budokota pa University of Vienna mu 1844. Ilyo aishileba inkonkani ya mukalamba wa cipatala ca First Maternity Clinic of Vienna’s General Hospital mu 1846, asangile ukuti abanakashi abengi abali pa bukulu balefwa pa kupaapa ku bulwele bwa childbed fever.

Abantu balilandile ifingi ukuti nalimo e fyalelenga abanakashi abali pa bukulu balelwala ubu bulwele no kufwa, na lyo line tapali uwaishibe icalelenga. Abantu balyeseshe ukucingilila aba banakashi ukuti belafwa, lelo balifililwe. Ilyo Semmelweis amwene uko abanakashi abengi balefwa kuli ubu bulwele ubwabipishe nga nshi, atendeke ukufwaya icalelenga balefwa kabili alefwaisha ukwishiba ifyo engabacingilila.

Pa cipatala apo Semmelweis alebombela pali ama wardi yabili umo baletekela banamayo abaleba pa bukulu, kabili mu kufwailikisha basangile ukuti banamayo ba mu wardi ya kubalilapo balefwa sana ukucila aba mu wardi ya bubili. Ubupusano fye ubwalipo pali aya ama wardi yabili bwa kuti muli wardi ya kubalilapo balesambilishishamo abalesambilila ifya budokota, e lyo muli wardi ya bubili balesambilishishamo abalepaapisha banamayo. Cinshi calengele abaleba pa bukulu balefwa sana muli wardi ya kubalilapo ukucila muli wardi ya bubili? Semmelweis alyeseshe inshila shalekanalekana pa kuti eshibe icalengele, lelo alifililwe.

Mu kutampa kwa mwaka wa 1847, kwali icacitike icalengele Semmelweis eshibe icalelenga bantu balelwala ubu bulwele. Jakob Kolletschka uo alebomba nankwe alifwile lintu utushiishi utwali mu citumbi ico aletumbula twaingilile pa cilonda akwete. Ilyo Semmelweis abelengele ifyo dokota alembele pa calengele Kolletschka afwe, asangile ukuti ubulwele bwamwipeye bwalipalene sana no bulwele bwa childbed fever. E ico Semmelweis atampile ukutontonkanya ukuti nalimo kwali utushiishi utwalefuma ku fitumbi utwalelenga aba banamayo balelwala ubulwele bwa childbed fever. Ilingi line, abalesambilila ifya budokota baletumbula ifitumbi ilyo bashilaya mu kupaapisha aba banamayo nelyo mu kubasakamana, kanshi e balesenda utushiishi ukufuma ku fitumbi no kwambukisha aba banamayo. Banamayo abali mu wardi ya bubili tabalefwa sana pantu umu mwena mwalebombela abalesambilila ifya kupaapisha kabili bena tabaletumbulako ifitumbi.

Tapakokwele, Semmelweis alyebele bonse abaleya mu kubombela muli aya ma wardi yabili ukulasamba bwino ku minwe na menshi ayo balebikamo umuti wa kwipaya utushiishi uo beta ukuti chlorine ilyo bashilaya mu kumona banamayo abali pa bukulu. Ilyo batendeke ukucita ifyo abebele, banamayo balilekele ukufwa sana.

Na lyo line, te bonse abatemenwe ifyo Semmelweis acitile. Ifyo Semmelweis asangile ukuti e fyalelwalika ubulwele bwa childbed fever fyalipusene ne fyo umukalamba wa cipatala aishibe, kanshi ici calengele umukalamba wa cipatala afulwe pali filya Semmelweis ali no mupampamina wa kufwaisha ukwishiba icalelenga abantu balelwala. Ici calengele Semmelweis bamutamfye incito pa cipatala ca mu Vienna kabili alibwelelemo ku Hungary. Ilyo aile ku Hungary, atampile ukubomba pa cipatala ca St. Rochus Hospital icabela mu Pest. Aileba umukalamba wa dipartimenti yalesakamana banamayo abali pa bukulu kabili ifyo asambilishe ba dokota fyalengele banamayo baleke ukufwa sana kuli ubu bulwele.

Mu 1861, Semmelweis alilembele ibuuku ilyalelanda pali ubu ubulwele ilitila, The Cause, Concept, and Prophylaxis of Childbed Fever. Ku ca bulanda, pali ilya nshita te bantu abengi ababelengele ili buuku. E ico abantu abengi balifwile kuli ubu bulwele.

Semmelweis alikoseshe ifunde lya kusamba ku minwe pa fipatala fyonse apo abombeele.—Abalengele ici icikope ni ba Robert Thom

Mu kuya kwa nshita, Semmelweis aishileishibikwa ukuti aba pa bantu abalengele kube imiti babomfya muno nshiku pa kwipaya utushiishi utuleta amalwele. Ifyo asangile fyalengele abantu baishiba ukuti no tushiishi utushimoneka na menso kuti twalwalika umuntu. Na kabili ifyo asangile fyalicindama sana ica kuti bamo batila “ifyo asangile fyalicila ifyo bambi abasambilila ifya bumi ne fya kundapa abantu basanga.” Icipapusha ca kuti pa myaka 3,000 ilyo Semmelweis talasanga icalelenga ubu bulwele, Amafunde ya kwa Mose ayaishileba muli Baibolo, yalilandile pa fyo umuntu alingile ukucita nga ca kuti aikata ku citumbi.

“Ifyo imfwaisha fya kuti abanakashi abali pa bukulu belafwa pa kuti tabashile abena mwabo na bana babo.”—Ignaz Semmelweis