Ukulembulula Amalembo ya mu Baibolo Ayashalemonekesha

KALE sana, ifya kulembapo tafyaseekele nge fi caba lelo. Kwali impapa nelyo ifipapaatu ne fintu fimbi ifyo balelembapo, kabili nga bamona ukuti ifyebo balembelepo taficindeme sana, balefikuusa nelyo ukufifuuta na menshi pa kuti balembepo fimbi. Ukufuuta ifintu muli uyu musango kwalishibikwe sana ku baGriki. Na Malembo ya mu Baibolo yamo nayo baliyafuutile, pa kuti apo bayalembele balembepo fimbi.

Ica kulembapo cimo icacindama ico bafuutilepo Amalembo ya Mushilo no kulembapo yambi bacita ati Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus. Ishiwi lya kutila rescriptus, lipilibula ukuti “amashiwi yalembwa pa yabiye.” Iyi codex yalicindama sana pantu yaba pa ma codex ayakokwesha aya Malembo ya ciGriki aya Bena Kristu ayabapo ukufika na lelo. Kanshi yaba pa fyalembwa fyakokwesha ifilanga ukuti ifyalembwa mu Malembo ya Bena Kristu aya ciGriki fya cine.

Amalembo ayo balembele pa kubala muli codex ya mu ma 400 C.E., baliyafuutile mu ma 1100 C.E. kabili balembelemo amalyashi 38 aya Malembo ya ciGriki ayo Ephraem, umwina Syria uwasambilila sana apilibwile. Ku mpela ya myaka ya ba 1600 C.E., abantu bacenjela bamo balimwene Amalembo ya Baibolo ayo bafuutile lelo ayalemonekako panono. Mu myaka yakonkelepo, batendeke ukwesha ukukopolola amalembo ayo balembele pa kubala ayashalemonekesha. Nomba calyafishe nga nshi pa kukopolola ifyebo fyonse ifyalembelwepo pantu tafyalemonekesha, kabili amabuula ayengi aya codex yali ayalepuka e lyo kabili ifyebo ifyo balembelepo umuku wa cibili na fyo fyalemoneka. Pa kuti bamone bwino amalembo ayo balembele pa kubala, babulile imiti no kuisansa pali codex, lelo ifi fyonse tafyabombele. Ici calengele abasambilila abengi abale-esha ukuti bakopolole ifilembo bafuutile batendwe no kuleka.

Ku kutampa kwa myaka ya ba 1840, Konstantin  von Tischendorf, umwina Germany uwaishibe sana ifitundu, atampile umulimo uukalamba uwa kufwaisha ukubelenga ifyo balembele muli codex. Papitile imyaka ibili pa kuti Tischendorf apwishe ukukopolola codex. Cinshi calengele ukuti ena akopolole libe bambi balifililwe?

Icalengele ca kutila Tischendorf alishibe sana imilembele ya ciGriki, umo balelemba ifilembo ifikulu kabili ifyatalukana. * Apo amenso ya kwa Tischendorf yalemona bwino, asangile ukuti nga aimya fye codex no kuilosha ukuletulila ulubuuto, alemona ifilembo fyonse ifyo balembele pa kubala. Muno nshiku, nga ca kutila balefwaya ukubelenga ifilembo ifishilemonekesha, balabomfya ifya kumwenako na bamashini balekanalekana abasanika ulubuuto.

Mu 1843 na 1845, Tischendorf alilembulwile no kusabankanya Amalembo yali muli Codex Ephraemi. Uyu mulimo abombele walengele ukuti alumbuke nga nshi ica kuti batile e wali kalapashi mu kwishiba imilembele ya ciGriki.

Codex Ephraemi yalepa amasentimita nalimo 31 e lyo mu bwipi amasentimita 23, kabili ibula limo na limo lyakwata fye umukululo umo uwa fyebo. Amabula ayabapo na ino nshita yaba 209, pali aya, 145 yakwata amabuuku yonse aya Amalembo ya Bena Kristu aya ciGriki ukufumyako fye ibuuku lya 2 Abena Tesalonika na 2 Yohane. Amabula yashala yakwata Amalembo ya ciHebere ayo bapilibwilile mu ciGriki.

Iyi codex baisungila mu National Library (umo basungila amabuuku) mu musumba wa Paris, mu calo ca France. Takwaba uwaishiba ukwafumine iyi codex, lelo Tischendorf aletontonkanya ukuti baifumishe ku Egypt. Abasambilila sana pa ma codex batila Codex Ephraemi yaba pa fyalembwa 4 ifyacindama sana ifyapanga Baibolo ya ciGriki. Codex imbi baita ati Sinaitic, e lyo imbi ati Alexandrine, iyalenga 4 baita ati Vatican 1209, kabili aya ama codex yonse yaliko mu myaka yaba 300 na 400 C.E.

Amalembo ya Mushilo yalisungwa mu nshila shalekanalekana, kabili yalisungilwa fye na pa mpapa ne fipaapatu. Nangu ca kutila abantu bashitasha balifuutile Amalembo ya mu Baibolo, amashiwi tayafuutilwe umupwilapo. Ici calenga twashininkisha ukuti amashiwi umutumwa Petro alandile ya cine, ayatila: “Icebo ca kwa Yehova caikalilila pe.”—1 Petro 1:25.

[Futunoti]

[Ifikope pe bula 16]

(Nga mulefwaya ukumona ifikope, moneni muli magazini)

Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus iyacindama sana iyo Tischendorf alembulwile (1815-1874)

AMALEMBO YALYA YENE BALEMBELE PA KUBALA

AMALEMBO YA CIGRIKI AYO BALEMBELE APO BAFUUTILE AMALEMBO YA CIHEBERE

[Abatusuminishe]

© Bibliothèque nationale de France

[Icikope pe bula 17]

Codex Sinaiticus, iyo basangile mu cikuulwa ca bashimapepo ico beta ati St Catherine’s Monastery

[Icikope pe bula 17]

Tischendorf