Owe shi shiiva tuu?

DANA

Owe shi shiiva tuu?

Oshoshili ngoo kutya monale omunhu okwa li ta dulu okukuna eu mepya lamukwao?

Okopi yembo lomupangeli waRoma, Justinian, yomo 1468

JESUS okwa popya muMateus 13:24-26 a ti: “Ouhamba wokeulu wa fa omunhu, a kuna ombuto iwa mepya laye. Ndelenee fimbo ovanhu va kofa, omutondi waye okwe uya, ndee ta kunu mo eu mokati koilya, ndee ta i. Ndele oimeno eshi ya kula ndele tai dala, opo nee eu la holoka yo.” Ovashangi vomambo va yoolokafana ova limbililwa ngeenge efaneko olo ole likolelela ngoo koshinima sha li hashi ningwa shili. Ashike omashangelo opaveta onale okuRoma otaa ulike kutya okwa li hashi ningwa lela.

Emboitya limwe lOmbiibeli ola ti: “Okukuna eu mepya laumwe omolwonghone . . . osha li omunyonena pamhango yaRoma. Okutotwa po kwomhango ya tya ngaho otaku ulike kutya oshinima osho osha li hashi ningwa luhapu.” Alastair Kerr, omuhongwanhu umwe e na sha noinima yopaveta, okwa yelifa kutya momudo 533 O.P., omupangeli waRoma, Justinian, okwa li a nyanyangida embo omo a li a ngonga omhango yaRoma nokwa tofa omatofwemo amwe ovashiivimhango vopefimbo olo, eshi omhango yaRoma ya li tai pepalekwa (pokati 100-250 O.P. lwaapo). Embo olo (Digest, 9.2.27.14) ola tumbula omushiivimhango wedina Ulpian, oo a popya kombinga yoshibofa osho sha li sha ungaungiwa nasho kuCelsus, omukwanepangelo Omuroma womefelemudo etivali. Opa li umwe oo a kuna eu mepya lamukwao, naasho osha li sha nyonauna po oikunomwa yaye. Embo olo ola kundafana yo eenghedi dopaveta odo mwene wepya ile omuhiili wepya a li ta dulu okulongifa opo oikunomwa yaye oyo ya nyonwa po i dule okufutilwa po komunyoni.

Oushili oo kutya ominyonena odo doshiningilewina oda li hadi ningwa pefimbo olo lonale mOuhamba waRoma otau ulike kutya efaneko laJesus ola li le likolelela koinima hai ningwa shili.

Mefelemudo lotete, Ovaroma ova li va yandja emanguluko li fike peni kovakwanepangelo Ovajuda ovo va li muJudea?

PEFIMBO olo, Judea okwa li tashi pangelwa kOvaroma, ovo va li va kalelwa po kongoloneya oyo ya li hai kala i na etangakwaita. Elalakano layo ola li okwoongela oifendela yOvaroma nokukaleka po ombili nelandulafano. Ovaroma ova li va hala okushunifa pedu ekaulonyanga nokukatukila onghatu ovo tava eta omapiyaano. Ashike ova li va efela oinima yakwalukeshe momake ovapangeli Ovajuda vomoshitukulwalongo osho.

Omhangu yoPombada yOvajuda

Omhangu yoPombada yOshijuda oyo ya li hai ungaunga noinima ya pamba eemhango dOshijuda. Opa li yo eemhangu dopedu muJudea ashishe. Otashi dulika oikumhungu yopashiwana noikoya ihapu ya li hai ungaungiwa nayo keemhangu odo nopehe na okulidopa mo kwovapangeli vaRoma. Ashike eemhangu dOvajuda kada li di na oufemba wokutokolela ovalongi vominyonena efyo; osho okwa li ashike sha ufilwa ovapangeli Ovaroma. Oshiningwanima shimwe sha shiivika nawa shedipao olo la etifwa kOmhangu yoPombada yOvajuda osheshi ya li ya dipaa Stefanus nomamanya. — Oil. 6:8-15; 7:54-60.

Osha yela kutya Omhangu yoPombada yOshijuda oya li ngoo i na eenghonopangelo dihapu. Ndelenee omuhongwanhu wedina Emil Schürer okwa ti: “Oya li ya ngabekwa neenghono meityo olo kutya ovakwanepangelo vaRoma ova li hava dulu okukatuka eenghatu va manguluka pomhito keshe, unene tuu ngeenge tava fekele ekaulonyanga la pamba oinima yopapolotika.” Oshihopaenenwa shimwe ongaashi oshibofa osho sha li sha holoka po pefimbo lomuwiliki wetangakwaita Klaudius Lisias, oo a li a tula omuyapostoli Paulus modolongo, oo a li omukwashiwana waRoma.—Oil. 23:26-30.