Diluangana bua kupatula Bible mu tshiena-Gelika tshidibu bakula lelu

Udi mua kukema wewe mumvue ne: mu ditunga dia Grèce, divuabu babikila imue misangu ne: ntuadijilu wa budikadidi bua diela meji, dikudimuna dia Bible mu muakulu uvua bantu bonso bakula divua bualu budibu baluangane nabu mvita mikole ya mutantshi mule. Kadi nnganyi uvua mua kubenga bua kabapatudi Bible wa tshiena-Gelika tshivua bantu mua kumvua bipepele? Bua tshinyi bamue bantu bavua mua kukeba bua kulekesha mudimu eu?

MUNTU mukuabu udi mua kuela meji ne: aba badi bakula tshiena-Gelika badi ba diakalenga bualu bakavua bafunde tshitupa tshinene tshia Mifundu Minsantu mu muakulu wabu. Pabi, tshiena-Gelika tshidibu bakula lelu ntshishilangane bikole ne tshia mu Bible wa Septante wa Mifundu ya tshiena-Ebelu ne tshia mu Mifundu ya tshiena-Gelika ya bena Kristo. Bushuwa, munkatshi mua bidimu nkama isambombo bidi bipite ebi, bantu ba bungi batu bakula tshiena-Gelika bavua bamone tshiena-Gelika tshia mu Bible tshibakolele anu bu muakulu wa ku ba bende. Miaku mipiamipia mmipingane pa muaba wa ya kale, ne nsangilu wa miaku, mikenji ya mushindu wa kuakula ne wa kufunda ne nsuikilu wa biambilu mbishintuluke.

Mikanda ya tshiena-Gelika mifunda ku bianza ya kubangila mu lukama lua bidimu 3 too ne lua 16 idi ileja ne: bakavua batete mua kukudimuna Bible wa Septante mu tshiena-Gelika tshia ndekelu tshivuaku matuku au. Mu lukama lua bidimu luisatu, Grégoire, muepiskopo wa mu Néo-Césarée (bu mu 213 too ne bu mu 270 K.B.B.), wakakudimuna mukanda wa Muambi, wangatshila mu Bible wa Septante ukudimuna mu tshiena-Gelika tshipepele. Mu lukama lua bidimu lua 11, muena Yuda mukuabu diende Tobias ben Éliezer, uvua musombele mu Macédoine, wakakudimuna bitupa bia Pantateke bia mu Bible wa Septante mu tshiena-Gelika tshivuabu bakula dituku dionso. Wakabikudimuna mene mu maleta a tshiena-Ebelu bua kuambuluisha bena Yuda ba mu Macédoine bavua bakula anu tshiena-Gelika kadi babala maleta a tshiena-Ebelu. Bakapatula Pantateke mujima wa nunku mu tshidimu tshia 1547 mu tshimenga tshia Constantinople.

Bukenke mu mîdima

Kunyima kua bitupa bia maloba bia Ampire bua Byzance muvuabu bakula tshiena-Gelika bimane kulua ku bukokeshi bua Ampire wa ba-Ottoman (Tirquie) mu lukama lua bidimu lua 15, bantu ba bungi bakashala kabayi balonge to. Kadi nansha muvua Ekeleziya wa bena Ortodokse muikale ne diakalenga dia pa buadi mu Ampire wa ba-Ottoman, wakalekela mikoko yende bua ilue babidime bapele bavua kabayi balonge. Mufundi muena Gelika Thomas Spelios wakumvuija ne: “Tshipatshila tshitambe bunene tshia Ekeleziya wa bena Ortodokse ne ndongeshilu wende tshivua tshia kukuba bantu bavua badiamu nkomonyi ku ngenyi ya ba-Mizilman ne ya bena Katolike. Ke bualu kayi malu a dilonga tulasa mu Grèce kaavua aya kumpala to.” Mu nsombelu wa mîdima wa mushindu’eu, bantu bavua banange Bible bakapeta dijinga dia kupesha bantu bavua babungame disulakana ne busambi bua mu mukanda wa Misambu udi mu Bible. Kumbukila mu tshidimu tshia 1543 too ne mu tshia 1835, kuvua nkudimuinu 18 ya mukanda wa Misambu mu tshiena-Gelika tshivua bantu bakula.

Maxime Callipolitès, mudiambike muena Gelika wa mu tshimenga tshia Callipolis, ke wakalongolola nkudimuinu wa kumpala mujima wa mu tshiena-Gelika wa Mifundu ya tshiena-Gelika  ya bena Kristo mu tshidimu tshia 1630. Bakalombola mudimu eu kudi Cyril Lucaris, nkambua wa mu Constantinople uvua ne tshia bua kuikala mushintuludi wa Ekeleziya wa bena Ortodokse. Kadi munda mua ekeleziya, Loucaris uvua ne baluishi bavua kabayi mua kuitaba bualu kayi buonso buvuaye mua kushintulula anyi Bible kayi yonso mukudimuna mu muakulu uvua bantu bakula. * Bakamufina mu nshingu e kumushipabu, bamba muvuaye muena tshitungu. Nansha nanku, mu tshidimu tshia 1638 bakapatula Bible mitue ku 1 500 mikudimuna kudi Maxime. Bua Bible uvuaye mukudimune eu, bakamba kunyima kua bidimu 34 mu tshipangu tshia bena Ortodokse tshiakenzeka mu Yelushalema ne: Mifundu “badi ne bua kuyibala, ki nkudi muntu yonso tshianana to, kadi anu kudi bantu batu babala malu male a nyuma panyima pa buobu bamane kukebulula malu adi makanyine.” Bualu ebu buvua busua kumvuija ne: anu balombodi ba ekeleziya bavua balonge ke bavua ne bua kubala Mifundu.

Mu tshidimu tshia 1703, Séraphim, mudiambike muena Grèce wa mu tshidiila tshia Lesbos, wakateta bua kupatula nkudimuinu mufundulula wa Maxime mu tshimenga tshia Londres. Pakapangila bakokeshi ba mu ditunga dia Angleterre kumuambuluisha ne mfranga ivuabu bamulaye, wakapatuisha Bible uvuaye mufundulule eu ku mfranga yende yeye. Mu mêyi makole a ntuadijilu, Séraphim wakaleja ne: bidi ne mushinga bua “muena Kristo yonso wa tshisumi” abale Bible, ne wakapisha balombodi ba ekeleziya bavua ku mutu bua “muvuabu bakeba kusokoka bikadilu biabu bibi pavuabu bashiya bantu mu dipanga.” Anu muvuabi mua kuikala bitekemena, baluishi bende bena Ortodokse bakamukuatshisha mu ditunga dia Russie ne kumutumabu mu Sibérie, muakafuilaye mu 1735.

Pavuaye umvuija nzala ya mu nyuma ivua nayi bantu bavua bakula tshiena-Gelika tshikondo atshi, mulombodi mukuabu wa ekeleziya muena Grèce wakamba mêyi adi alonda aa pa bidi bitangila Bible wa ndekelu uvua Maxime mufundulule ne: “Bena Gelika bakakidila Bible Munsantu eu, pamue ne mikuabu, ne dinanga ne dijinga dikole dia kumubala. Ne bakamubala. Bakapeta disulakana ku kanyinganyinga kavua munda muabu, ne ditabuja diabu kudi Nzambi . . . diakakola.” Kadi, balombodi babu ba mu nyuma bavua batshina bua se: bantu buobu bumvue Bible, malongesha ne bienzedi bia balombodi ba ekeleziya bivua bibengangane ne Bible bivua ne bua kupatukila patoke. Ke bualu kayi, mu 1823 ne pashishe mu 1836, nkambua wa mu Constantinople wakela mukenji bua kuoshabu Bible yonso eyi ivuabu bakudimune.

Mukudimunyi wa dikima

Bu muvuaku buluishi bukole ebu ne dijinga dikole dia kupeta dimanya dia mu Bible, kuakapatuka muntu mukuabu muende lumu uvua ne bua kuambuluisha bikole mu mudimu wa dikudimuna dia Bible mu tshiena-Gelika tshidibu bakula lelu. Muntu wa dikima eu uvua Néofitos Vamvas, mumanyi mupiluke wa malu a miakulu ne mukebuludi wa malu a mu Bible muende lumu, uvuabu batamba kuangata kudi bantu ba bungi bu umue wa ku “Balongeshi ba Ditunga.”

Vamvas wakamona bimpe ne: Ekeleziya wa bena Ortodokse ke uvua mupangishe bantu bua kumanya malu a mu nyuma. Uvua mujadike ne muoyo mujima ne: bua kutabuluja bantu mu nyuma, bivua bikengela kukudimuna Bible mu tshiena-Gelika tshivuabu bakula mu tshikondo atshi. Mu 1831, wakabanga kukudimuna Bible mu tshiena-Gelika tshia bamanyi tshivuabu balonga mu kalasa, bamuambuluisha kudi bakebuludi bakuabu. Nkudimuinu wende mujima wakapatuka mu 1850. Bu muvua Ekeleziya wa bena Ortodokse wa bena Gelika kayi mua kuitaba bualu ebu, wakumvuangana ne société wa malu a Bible wa mu ditunga dia Grande-Bretagne (BFBS) bua kupatula ne kuabanya Bible uvuaye mukudimune au. Ekeleziya wakamubikila ne: “mutontolodi” ne buobu e kumuipata.

Bible uvua Vamvas mukudimune uvua mulonde bikole Bible wa King James ne uvua pende mupangile malu amue-amue avua kaayi mu nkudimuinu au bualu bavua ne dimanya dikese dia Bible ne dia miakulu ivuaku mu tshikondo atshi.  Nansha nanku, eu ke Bible wa mu tshiena-Gelika wakashala mutangalake bikole munkatshi mua bidimu bivule. Tumanye ne: mu Bible eu mudi dîna dia Nzambi miaba inayi, bikale badifunde ne: “Iéová.”​—Genese 22:14; Ekesode 6:3; 17:15; Balumbuluishi 6:24.

Mmunyi muakangata bantu Bible eu ne Bible mikuabu ivua mipepele bua kuyumvua? Bakayisankidila bikole! Mu mazuwa kampanda a mâyi mimane mu tshitudilu mu tshimue tshia ku bidiila bia mu Grèce, mupanyishi wa Bible mukuabu wa BFBS “wakakema bikole pakamonaye matu mûle tente ne bana bavua balue kukeba [Bible], kudimonaye muenzejibue . . . bua kuambila muendeshi wa mazuwa bua kutula mazuwa” tshianana Bible yonso ivuaye nayi ivua mua kujikila anu muaba umue au! Kadi buluishi kabuakanenga ne kujuka to.

Bansaserdose bena Ortodokse bakambila bantu bua kabasumbi Bible eyi to. Tshilejilu, mu tshimenga tshia Athènes, bakanyenga bantu Bible. Mu tshidimu tshia 1833, muepiskopo wa bena Ortodokse wa mu Crète wakuosha Bible ya “Dipungila Dipiadipia” ivuaye musokolole mu nzubu kampanda wa badiambike. Nsaserdose mukuabu wakasokoka Bible umuepele, ne bantu ba mu misoko ivua pabuipi apu bakasokoka yabu Bible too ne tshikondo tshiakumbuka muepiskopo eu mu tshidiila atshi.

Kunyima kua bidimu ndambu mu tshidiila tshia Corfou, bakakandika Bible uvua Vamvas mukudimune kudi Tshipangu Tshinsantu tshia Ekeleziya Ortodokse wa bena Gelika. Bakakandika dimupanyisha, ne bakuosha Bible ikavuaku. Mu tshidiila tshia Chios, tshia Síros, ne tshia Mykonos, buluishi bua balombodi ba ekeleziya ba miaba ayi buakafikisha ne ku dioshisha Bible. Kadi bavua ne bua kulua kukandika kabidi Bible mu matuku atshivua alua kumpala.

Mukalenge-mukaji udi usankidila Bible

Mu bidimu bia 1870, Mukalenge-mukaji Olga wa mu Grèce wakamona ne: bena Gelika bonso mu tshibungi batshivua ne dimanya dikese dia mu Bible. Bu muakamonaye ne: dimanya dia mu Bible divua mua kupesha bantu ba mu ditunga diende disulakana ne bukole, wakakeba bua kukudimuisha Bible mu muakulu mutambe kupepela kupita uvua mu Bible uvua Vamvas mukudimune.

Muinshimuinshi, muepiskopo mukulu wa mu Athènes ne mulombodi wa Tshipangu Tshinsantu Prokopios, bakakankamija mukalenge-mukaji bua kutungunukaye ne mudimu eu. Kadi pakalombaye bena mu Tshipangu Tshinsantu dianyisha bua kuenza muanda eu patoke, bakamubengela. Nansha nanku wakatungunuka, kubalombaye kabidi, kadi buobu e kubenga kabidi mu 1899. Yeye kulengulula diandamuna diabu, e kupangadikaye bua kupatuisha Bible mikese ku mfranga yende kayende. Ke tshiakenzaye mu 1900.

Baluishi badi kabayi bapungila

Mu tshidimu tshia 1901, tshikandakanda tshikuabu tshiende lumu tshia mu Athènes (The Acropolis) tshiakapatula Evanjeliyo wa Matayo mukudimuna  mu tshiena-Gelika tshivua bantu bakula kudi Aléxandhros Pállis, mukudimunyi uvua wenzela mudimu mu tshimenga tshia Liverpool, mu ditunga dia Angleterre. Tshipatshila tshivua Pállis ne binende bamueneka natshi tshivua tshia ‘kulongesha bena Gelika’ ne “kuambuluisha ditunga bua kujuka” panshi.

Balongi ba teoloji wa bena Ortodokse ne balongeshi babu bakabikila nkudimuinu au ne: “dipepeja dia bishadile bia mushinga mukole menemene bia ditunga,” dipepeja Mifundu Minsantu. Nkambua Joakim III wa mu Constantinople wakafunda mukanda uvua ubenga Bible eu uvuabu bakudimune. Dikokangana edi diakabuela mu malu a tshididi, ne bena tshididi bakadiangata bua kuluishangana nadi muinshimuinshi.

Bakamona-kamba bavule ba mu Athènes bakabanga kuluisha nkudimuinu wa Pallis, babamba ne: mbakuatshishi ba “bantu badi babenga dikalaku dia Nzambi”, “bena tshitungu,” ne “bena mudimu ba makokeshi a ku ba-bende” avua ne tshipatshila tshia kutenkakaja ditunga dia Grèce. Kumbukila mu dia 5 too ne dia 8 Kasuabanga 1901, balongi bakajula tshimvundu mu Athènes babasake kudi bisumbu bia balondi ba bilele bia Ekeleziya wa bena Ortodokse. Bakela biro bivua bipatula tshikandakanda tshia The Acropolis mvita, buobu kuyila nzubu wa mukalenge, kukuatabu Iniversite wa mu Athènes ne kulombabu mbulamatadi uvuaku umbuke. Pakakola bimvundu abi, bantu muanda mukulu bakafua pavuabu baluangana ne basalayi. Dituku diakalonda, mukalenge wakalomba bua muepiskopo mukulu Prokopios alekele midimu yende, ne matuku abidi kunyima ba-ministre bonso bavua mu bukalenge bakalekela midimu yabu.

Kunyima kua ngondo umue balongi bakenza kabidi ngendu ya tshiji ne kuoshabu patoke Bible umuepele wa nkudimuinu wa Pallis. Bakangata dipangadika divua dikandika ditangalaka dia nkudimuinu eu ne bakalomba bua banyoke bikole muntu uvua ne bua kuteta bua kuenza bualu ebu mu matuku atshivua alua. Bualu ebu buakalua tshidingishilu bua kukandika Bible yonso uvuabu bakudimune mu tshiena-Gelika tshidi bantu bakula lelu. Bushuwa, tshivua tshikondo tshikole!

‘Dîyi dia Yehowa didiku tshiendelele’

Mu 1924, bakashipa mukenji uvuabu bele bua kukandika bantu bua kubala Bible wa mu tshiena-Gelika tshidi bantu bakula lelu. Katshia anu pinapu, Ekeleziya wa bena Ortodokse bena Gelika mupangile bua kukandika bantu bua kababadi Bible. Mu tshine tshikondo atshi, Bantemu ba Yehowa mbatangalaje malongesha a mu Bible mu Grèce anu mudibu benze mu matunga makuabu. Katshia mu 1905, mbambuluishe binunu bivule bia bantu badi bakula tshiena-Gelika ne nkudimuinu wa Vamvas bua kupetabu dimanya dilelela dia mu Bible.

Munkatshi mua bidimu, bamanyi ne balongeshi ba bungi mbenze mudimu wa kuanyina bua kupatula Bible mu tshiena-Gelika tshidibu bakula lelu. Lelu’eu, kudi Bible idibu bakudimune mitue ku 30 (mijime anyi bitupa) idi bena Gelika badi kabayi batambe kulonga mua kubala ne kumvua. Tshiuma tshilelela munkantshi muayi m’Bible wa Les Saintes Écritures​—Traduction du monde nouveau, uvuabu bapatule mu 1997 bua kuambuluisha bantu miliyo 16 badi bakula tshiena-Gelika. Nkudimuinu eu mmupatula kudi Bantemu ba Yehowa, ne mbakudimune Dîyi dia Nzambi mu mushindu mupepele bua bantu kudibala ne kudiumvua, ne mbalonde bikole mifundu ya ku ntuadijilu.

Diluangana bua kupatula Bible mu tshiena-Gelika tshidi bantu bakula lelu didi dileja bualu kampanda bua mushinga. Didi dileja patoke ne: nansha bantu buobu badiluishe mushindu kayi, ‘dîyi dia [Yehowa] didiku tshiendelele.’​—1 Petelo 1:25.

[Mêyi adi kuinshi]

[Tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 27]

Cyril Lucaris wakalombola dikudimuna dia Mifundu ya tshiena-Gelika ya bena Kristo yonso mu 1630

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Bib. Publ. Univ. de Genève

[Bimfuanyi mu dibeji 28]

Imue idibu bakudimune mu tshiena-Gelika tshidi bantu bakula: Misambu mipatula mu: (1) 1828 kudi Ilarion, (2) 1832 kudi Vamvas, (3) 1643 kudi Julianus. “Dipungila Dikulukulu” dipatula mu: (4) 1840, kudi Vamvas

Mukalenge-mukaji Olga

[Mêyi a dianyisha]

Bibles: Tshilaminu tshia mikanda tshia ditunga dia Grèce; Mukalenge-mukaji Olga: Culver Pictures

[Mêyi a dianyisha bua tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 26]

Papirise: Mupatulula ne dianyisha dia The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, mu Dublin

[Mêyi a dianyisha bua tshimfuanyi mu dibeji 29]

Papirise: Mupatulula ne dianyisha dia The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, mu Dublin