Ndalama Zinafalitsa Dzina la Mulungu

M’BAIBULO, wamasalmo Davide anaimba kuti: “Ndidzalemekeza dzina la Mulungu ndi kuliimbira.” Davide ankadziwa dzina la Mulungu, n’chifukwa chake anati: “Wolemekezeka Yehova . . . Dzina lake la ulemerero lidalitsike.” (Salmo 69:30; 72:18, 19) Yehova ndilo dzina la Mulungu logwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m’Chichewa. Dzinali analimasulira kuchoka ku dzina la Chiheberi lomwe linkalembedwa chonchi יהוה, ndipo m’Baibulo limapezeka pafupifupi ka 7,000.

Zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, dzina la Mulungu lakhala likupezeka m’malo enanso ambiri, osati m’Baibulo mokha. Mwachitsanzo, kwa nthawi yaitali, pandalama zachitsulo za ku Switzerland ankalembapo mawu a Chilatini akuti “Benedictus Sit Iehova Deus,”  kutanthauza kuti “Yehova Mulungu Atamandike.” [1] Ndipotu, kwa zaka mazana ambiri, dzina la Mulungu m’Chiheberi ndi m’Chilatini lakhala likulembedwa pa zinthu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoposa 1,000, monga pa ndalama zachitsulo, mamendulo ndi zina zotero.

Kodi n’chiyani chinachititsa kuti dzina la Mulungu litchuke choncho, monga tikuonera pa zithunzizi?

N’chifukwa Chiyani Ankagwiritsa Ntchito Dzina la Mulungu?

Kuyambira m’ma 1500, kumadzulo kwa Ulaya kunali nkhondo zapakati pa Akatolika ndi Apulotesitanti. Zigawo zingapo za dziko la Spain, zinachoka m’tchalitchi cha Katolika, chomwe chinali tchalitchi chachikulu kwambiri panthawiyo. Anthuwa anakalowa tchalitchi chatsopano chimene chinapangidwa, chotchedwa Reformed Church. Zimenezi zinachititsa nkhondo yapachiweniweni pakati pa zipembedzozi. Panthawiyo, ndalama zachitsulo ndiponso ziboliboli zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito kufalitsa uthenga wonena zakuti Mulungu ali ndi ndani pankhondoyo.

Kodi Dzina la Mulungu Analigwiritsa Ntchito Motani?

Anthu okonza ndalama zachitsulo ankalemba dzina la Mulungu lakuti Yehova pandalamazo, mwa kudindapo zilembo zinayi za Chiheberi. M’Chichewa zilembo zimenezi zimalembedwa m’njira ziwiri izi: JHVH kapena YHWH. Nthawi zambiri okonza ndalamawo komanso anthu ena ambiri sankatha kuwerenga Chiheberi. Motero pokopera mobwerezabwereza, zilembo zinayizi zinayamba kulembedwa mosiyanasiyana.

Cha mu 1568, dziko la Sweden linakonza ndalama yachitsulo yokhala ndi dzina la Mulungu [2], ndipo dziko la Scotland linateronso cha mu 1591. Cha mu 1600, Mfumu Charles ya nambala 9 ya ku Sweden inalemba dzina la Mulungu pandalama zachitsulo za dzikolo [3], ndipo inalilemba m’njira zosiyanasiyana zotsatirazi: Ihehova, Iehova, ndi Iehovah. Ndalama ina inali yagolide, ndipo inali yochititsa kaso kwambiri. Ndalamayi inali yokwanira malipiro a miyezi inayi a munthu wogwira ntchito yaulebala.

Panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Christian Wachinayi, yemwe anali mfumu ya Denmark ndi Norway kuchokera mu 1588 mpaka mu 1648, panali mitundu yoposa 60 ya ndalama zachitsulo zosiyanasiyana zokhala ndi dzina la Yehova. Pofika cha m’ma  1650, ndalama zokhala ndi dzina la Yehova zinayambanso kupangidwa ku Poland ndi ku Switzerland mpakanso ku Germany.

Kwa zaka 30, kuchokera mu 1618 mpaka mu 1648, ku Ulaya kunali nkhondo yomwe inayamba ngati nkhondo yachipembedzo. Panthawiyi ndalama za dzina la Yehova zinafalanso kwambiri. Dziko la Sweden litapambana nkhondo ya ku Breitenfeld mu 1631, mfumu ya dzikolo dzina lake Gustav Adolph inapangitsa ndalama zachitsulo zokhala ndi dzinali [4]. Ndalama zimenezi ankazipanga m’matawuni monga Erfurt, Fürth, Mainz, ndi Würzburg. Chapanthawi yomweyi, mayiko ogwirizana ndi dziko la Sweden anayambanso kupanga ndalama zachitsulo zokhala ndi dzina la Mulungu.

Kwa zaka pafupifupi 150 nkhondo yoopsa ya zaka 30 ija itatha, anthu anapitiriza kulemba dzina la Mulungu pandalama zachitsulo, mamendulo ndi zinthu zina. Zinthu zoterezi zinkasulidwa ku Austria, France, Mexico, Russia ndi mayiko enanso. Koma pofika kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m’ma 1700, mayiko ambiri anayamba kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito dzina la Mulungu m’njira imeneyi. Ndipo patapita nthawi, dzinali silinkapezekanso m’zidindo zopangira ndalama zachitsulo.

Kufalitsa Dzina la Mulungu

Dzina la Mulungu silipezeka pa ndalama za masiku ano, koma likufalitsidwa kuposa kale lonse. Kalekale, Mulungu anasankha mtundu wa anthu kuti uzimutumikira ndipo anauza mtunduwo kuti: “Ndinu Mboni zanga, . . . ndipo Ine ndine Mulungu.” (Yesaya 43:12) Palibe ndalama imene ingagwire ntchito yofunika kwambiriyi. Ndipotu, anthu amene ankagwiritsa ntchito dzina la Mulungu pandalama zawo anali kupereka umboni wabodza, chifukwa ankanena kuti Mulungu akuwathandiza pa nkhondo zawo zopulula anthu. Koma masiku ano pali anthu amene akufalitsa dzina la Mulungu m’njira imene iye amavomereza.

Mboni za Yehova zikukulimbikitsani kuti muphunzire zambiri za Mulungu woona, Yehova, ndiponso tanthauzo la dzina lake. M’Baibulo, wamasalmo analemba za Mulungu woonayu kuti: “Kuti adziwe kuti inu nokha, dzina lanu ndinu Yehova, ndinu Wam’mwambamwamba pa dziko lonse lapansi.” (Salmo 83:18) Kudziwa za Yehova n’kofunika kwambiri. Taonani zimene Mwana wake wokondedwa ananena popemphera: “Pakuti moyo wosatha adzaupeza akamaphunzira ndi kudziwa za inu, Mulungu yekha woona, ndi za Yesu Khristu, amene inu munam’tuma.”—Yohane 17:3.

[Chithunzi patsamba 20, 21]

Zida zodindira ndalama zachitsulo

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 20]

Coin 1 and tools: Hans-Peter-Marquardt.net; coin 2: Mit freundlicher Genehmigung Sammlung Julius Hagander

[Mawu a Chithunzi patsamba 21]

Coins 3 and 4: Mit freundlicher Genehmigung Sammlung Julius Hagander