Torah ni iki?

FUNGURA

Torah ni iki?

Icyo Bibiliya ibivugaho

Ijambo ry’icyongereza “Torah” rikomoka ku ijambo ry’igiheburayo toh·rahʹ, rishobora kuba risobanura “amabwiriza”, “inyigisho” cyangwa “amategeko” a (Imigani 1:8; 3:1; 28:4). Ingero zikurikira ziragaragaza uko iryo jambo ry’igiheburayo ryakoreshejwe muri Bibiliya

Toh·rahʹ akenshi ikunze kwerekeza ku bitabo bitanu bya mbere bya Bibiliya ari byo Intangiriro, Kuva, Abalewi, Kubara no Gutegeka. Nanone bijya byitwa Pantateki, bikaba bikomoka ku ijambo ry’ikigiriki risobanura “ibitabo bitanu”. Torah yanditswe na Mose ni yo mpamvu yitwa “igitabo cy’amategeko ya Mose” (Yosuwa 8:31; Nehemiya 8:1).
Toh·rah, nanone ikoreshwa yerekeza ku ngingo yihariye urugero nk’“amategeko [toh·rahʹ] y’ibitambo by’ibyaha, amategeko arebana n’abarwaye ibibembe n’amategeko y’abanaziri.”—Abalewi 6:25; 14:57; Kubara 6:13.
Hari igihe Toh·rahʹ ikoreshwa yerekeza ku mabwiriza no ku nyigisho z’ababyeyi, abanyabwenge cyangwa Imana yo ubwayo.—Imigani 1:8; 3:1; 13:14; Yesaya 2:3.

Ni iki kiri muri Torah cyangwa Pantateki?

Amateka y’Imana n’abantu kuva ku irema kugeza mu gihe cya Mose.—Intangiriro 1:27, 28; Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 34:5.
Amateka yo mu mategeko ya Mose (Kuva 24:3). Ayo mategeko yarimo amateka 600. Ikintu cy’ibanze bakoraga ni ugusenga isengesho ryo kwatura ukwizera kwabo bitaga Shema. Igice kimwe cya Shema cyagiraga giti: “ukundishe Yehova Imana yawe umutima wawe wose n’ubugingo bwawe bwose n’imbaraga zawe zose” (Gutegeka 6:4-9). Yesu yabyise “itegeko rikomeye kuruta ayandi”.—Matayo 22:36-38.
Aho kubuzanya gukoresha izina ry’Imana, Torah yo irimo amategeko asaba abantu b’Imana kuvuga iryo zina. Nanone kandi izina bwite ari ryo Yehova rigaragaramo incuro zigera ku 1.800.—Kubara 6:22-27; Gutegeka 6:13; 10:8; 21:5.

Ibintu abantu bakunze kwibeshyaho ku birebana na Torah

Ikinyoma: Itegeko rya Torah rigomba kubahirizwa kugeza iteka ryose.

Ukuri: Hari ubuhinduzi bwa Bibiliya buvuga ko amategeko amwe yo muri Torah, urugero nk’arebana n’Isabato, umurimo w’ubutambyi n’Umunsi w’Impongano, ari ay’“ibihe bitarondoreka” (Kuva 31:16; 40:15; Abalewi 16:33, 34). Icyakora, ijambo ry’Igiheburayo ryakoreshejwe muri iyo mirongo rishobora nanone gusobanura ngo mu gihe kirekire. Icyo gihe gishobora no kuba atari iteka ryose. b Hashize imyaka igera kuri 900 abantu bagendera ku isezerano ry’Amategeko ya Mose, Imana yavuze ko yari kuzayasimbuza “isezerano rishya” (Yeremiya 31:31-33). Igihe Imana yavugaga “isezerano rishya,” yumvikanishaga ko irya kera ryari guta agaciro (Abaheburayo 8:7-13). Iryo sezerano rya kera ryavuyeho nyuma y’imyaka igera ku 2000, igihe Yesu Kristo yapfaga.—Abefeso 2:15.

Ikinyoma: Imigenzo y’Abayahudi itanditswe na Talmud ifite ububasha bungana n’ubwa Torah.

Ukuri: Nta kintu na kimwe kigaragaza ko Imana yahaye Mose amategeko yo mu magambo gusa, yiyongera kuri Torah. Ahubwo Bibiliya igira iti “Yehova yongera kubwira Mose ati ‘wandike aya magambo’” (Kuva 34:27). Amategeko yaje kwandikwa nyuma bitaga Mishnah, akaza kuvamo icyo bise Talmud, agizwe n’imigenzo y’abayahudi yatangijwe n’Abafarisayo. Iyo migenzo yanyuranyaga n’ibyanditse muri Torah. Icyo ni cyo cyatumwe Yesu abwira Abafarisayo ati ‘ijambo ry’Imana mwarihinduye ubusa bitewe n’imigenzo yanyu.’—Matayo 15:1-9.

Ikinyoma: Abagore ntibagomba kwigishwa Torah.

Ukuri: Amategeko ya Mose yarimo iteka ry’uko ayo mategeko yose, yagombaga gusomerwa Abisirayeli bose, harimo abagore n’abana. Kubera iki? Ni ‘ukugira ngo batege amatwi bige, bityo batinye Yehova Imana yabo kandi bakurikize amagambo yose y’ayo mategeko.’—Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 31:10-12. c

Ikinyoma: Torah irimo ubutumwa buhishwe.

Ukuri: Mose wahawe Torah yavuze ko amagambo arimo adakomeye kandi buri wese ashobora kuyumva (Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 30:11-14). Inyigisho y’uko hashobora kuba hari ubutumwa buhishwe muri Torah yavuye mu migenzo y’Abayahudi ikoresha “ibinyoma bififitse” kugira ngo isobanure Ibyanditswe. d—2 Petero 1:16.

a Reba igitabo kitwa Revised Edition of The Strongest Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, entry 8451 in the section “Hebrew-Aramaic Dictionary-Index to the Old Testament.”

b Reba igitabo Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, Umubumbe wa 2, ku ipaji ya 672-673.

c Imigenzo y’Abayahudi yabuzaga abagore kwiga ibyari muri Torah kandi Torah yo ubwayo nta byo yabuzanyaga. Urugero Mishnah yasubiyemo amagambo ya Rabbi Eliezer ben Hyrcanus agira: “umuntu wese wigisha umukobwa we Torah [Amategeko], aba amwigisha amahano” (Sotah 3:4). Muri Talmud y’i Yerusalemu harimo amagambo agira ati “ amagambo ya Torah azarimburwe aho kugira ngo yigishwe umugore.”—Sotah 3:19a.

d Urugero, hari igitabo cyavuze kiti “Torah nta kintu gifatika imaze, nubwo hari abatekereza ko ibafitiye umumaro”—Encyclopaedia Judaica, Second edition,umubumbe wa 11, ipaji ya 659.