Irinde abatekamutwe bo kuri interineti

Umwarimu uri mu kiruhuko cy’iza bukuru witwa William, uba muri leta ya Floride muri Amerika, yabonye ubutumwa bwo kuri interineti yumvaga ko buturutse ku isosiyete y’itumanaho yari abereye umukiriya. Ubwo butumwa bwamubwiraga ko umwirondoro we baheragaho bamwishyuza watakaye. William yaboherereje uwo mwirondoro nk’uko yari yabisabwe. Icyakora ntiyari azi ko umwirondoro we wagiye ku mutekamutwe witwa Shiva wo mu mugi wa Queens, muri leta ya New York. Bukeye bwaho, Shiva yagiye kuri interineti maze akoresha inomero z’ikarita William akoresha ahaha, agura imashini yari kujya imufasha gucapa ibyangombwa by’ibihimbano. Ubwo butumwa William yabonye, bwari bumwe mu butumwa 100.000 Shiva yari yoherereje abantu. Abakoze iperereza bavuze ko abantu bagera ku ijana bashubije ubwo butumwa maze akabariganya.

Umugore w’imyaka 56 uba muri leta ya Queensland muri Ositaraliya, yatangiye gucudika n’umugabo yibwiraga ko ari injenyeri w’Umwongereza, bakajya bahurira kuri interineti. Amaze kumwoherereza amadolari y’Abanyamerika 47.000, ni bwo yamenye ko burya yashyikiranaga n’umutekamutwe wo muri Nijeriya w’imyaka 27. *

IKIBABAJE ni uko abatekamutwe babaye benshi kuri interineti. Hari ikinyamakuru cyasohoye ingingo yavugaga uko byari byifashe kuri interineti mu mwaka wa 2010, kigira kiti “interineti ikomeje kubonekaho ibintu byinshi biteje akaga, ku buryo abayikoresha bahatakariza amafaranga abarirwa muri za miriyari. Mu mwaka ushize, umubare w’abantu bibasirwa na virusi za orudinateri wariyongereye, ugera kuri 40 ku ijana by’ingo zo muri Amerika zikoresha interineti. Abagize imiryango bagaragaje ibibazo bitandukanye bahuye na byo” (Consumer Reports). Mbere yo kureba icyo twakora kugira ngo twirinde gushukwa, reka tubanze dusuzume bumwe mu buryo abo bagizi ba nabi bakoresha.

Babigenza bate?

Abatekamutwe bakunda kwifashisha ubutumwa bwo kuri interineti, kugira ngo bashuke abayikoresha. Ubutumwa William yabonye bwitwa “ubutumwa bw’icyambo.” Kimwe n’icyambo bakoresha  baroba, abatekamutwe bakoresha ubwo butumwa basaba abantu kubaha ijambo ryabo ry’ibanga, nomero z’ikarita bakoresha bahaha, cyangwa amakuru arebana na konti yabo ya banki. Basaba abo bantu kohereza ayo makuru ku muyoboro wa interineti usa n’aho wemewe, kandi mu by’ukuri ari baringa. Abo batekamutwe bashobora kumenya aderesi yawe yo kuri interineti, bakoresheje porogaramu ya orudinateri ishakisha aderesi z’abantu.

Bumwe muri ubwo butumwa bw’icyambo bushobora kugera ku ntego yabwo, kabone nubwo utatanga amakuru yawe bwite. Gufungura aderesi yawe yo kuri interineti byonyine, bishobora gutuma porogaramu y’intasi itangira gukora. Porogaramu nk’izo, zishobora kwiba ibintu byose ukorera kuri orudinateri yawe. Zimwe muri zo zibika inyuguti zo kuri orudinateri wakanzeho, kugira ngo zishobore kwiba ijambo ryawe ry’ibanga cyangwa zibe andi makuru yawe bwite. Izindi porogaramu zikohereza ku muyoboro wa interineti w’abatekamutwe. None se wakora iki kugira ngo ubirinde?

Icyo wakora

Jya wirinda ubutumwa bugusaba kujya ku miyoboro ya interineti ikemangwa. Urugero, hari igihe abatekamutwe bakoresha porogaramu yihariye (Trojan), maze bakinjira muri orudinateri urimo ukoreraho, bakavanaho amakuru yawe bwite kandi utabizi. Nanone abatekamutwe bashobora kujya ku miyoboro ya interineti ihuza abantu benshi, imiyoboro ya porunogarafiya n’indi ishobora kuvanwaho porogaramu za orudinateri ziturutse ahantu hatazwi, maze bakiba amakuru bakoresheje porogaramu z’intasi. Nanone kandi, ujye wirinda gusubiza ubutumwa bukwizeza ibintu nawe ubona ko bidashoboka.

Ushobora kuba warabonye ubutumwa bwo kuri interineti buvuga buti “orudinateri yawe ifite ikibazo. Kanda hano kugira ngo urinde orudinateri yawe,” cyangwa “niba wifuza amafoto y’ubuntu, kanda hano.” Gukanda aho hantu, bishobora gutuma porogaramu y’intasi itangira gukora.

Mu gihe uzaba ushakisha akazi kuri interineti, uzabe maso cyane. Abatekamutwe bifashisha imiyoboro ya interineti ya baringa, kugira ngo bakusanye icyo bita amafaranga yo kwiyandikisha, n’andi makuru arebana n’umutungo w’abantu.

Abo bajura basigaye bakoresha ubuhanga buhanitse, ku buryo bashobora no kubona amakuru ari muri orudinateri z’amasosiyete cyangwa z’ibigo by’imari, bakayiba batavuye aho bari. Muri Mutarama 2007, abo bagizi ba nabi bashoboye kugera ku makuru yo muri orudinateri z’iduka rinini cyane ryo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, maze bajyana amakuru y’abakiriya baryo babarirwa muri za miriyoni, harimo arebana n’amakarita bakoresha bahaha. Muri Nijeriya, binjiye muri orudinateri z’amabanki atandukanye, maze biba imibare iranga abakiriya bazo bagera kuri miriyoni imwe n’igice, kugira ngo babone uko babikuza amafaranga ku byuma byabigenewe. Muri iki gihe, hari amasoko atemewe yo ku miyoboro ya interineti, aho abakozi b’abahemu n’abatekamutwe bagurishiriza amakuru bibye ajyanye n’amakarita abantu bakoresha bahaha, bakagurisha n’imyirondoro yuzuye y’abantu.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 11]

Ubutumwa bw’icyambo: Ni ubutumwa bwo kuri interineti busaba abantu gutanga ijambo ryabo ry’ibanga, nomero z’ikarita bakoresha bahaha, cyangwa amakuru ajyanye na konti yabo yo muri banki, maze bakabyohereza ku muyoboro wa interineti wa baringa.

Porogaramu y’intasi: Ni porogaramu yiba ibintu byose ukorera kuri orudinateri yawe.

Porogaramu ya Trojan: Ni porogaramu yinjira muri orudinateri yawe rwihishwa ikiba amakuru, mu gihe iba imeze nk’aho irimo ikora ibintu bitagize icyo bitwaye

 [Agasanduku/​Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 12 n’iya 13]

Irinde gushukwa

KUGIRA NGO WIRINDE GUSHUKWA N’ABATEKAMUTWE, UZAKORE IBI BIKURIKIRA:

1 Buri gihe ujye ureba ko porogaramu ibuza abantu kwinjira muri orudinateri yawe batabiherewe uburenganzira, ifunguye. Nanone, ujye ugenzura ko porogaramu ziri muri orudinateri yawe zihuje n’igihe. Muri zo harimo porogaramu ikoresha izindi, porogaramu zirwanya virusi hamwe n’izindi.

2 Ujye uhora ubika ibintu biri kuri orudinateri yawe ahantu hizewe.

3 Ujye ushyira mu gaciro. Ntukihutire kwemera ikintu cyose usanze kuri interineti. Mu Migani 14:​15 hagira hati “umuntu wese utaraba inararibonye yizera ijambo ryose rivuzwe, ariko umunyamakenga yitondera intambwe ze.”

4 Irinde umururumba (Luka 12:​15). Ujye wirinda ibintu byo kuri interineti byitwa ko ari iby’ubuntu, cyangwa imiyoboro igurisha ibintu kuri make cyane. Ubutumwa ubona bushobora kuba ari ubutumwa bw’icyambo.

5 Ujye witondera ubutumwa wohererejwe utabusabye cyangwa ubutumwa bwizana, cyane cyane mu gihe ubona bukohereza ku yindi miyoboro cyangwa bugusaba gutanga amakuru yawe, urugero nko kugenzura ijambo ryawe ry’ibanga.​—Imigani 11:​15.

6 Ujye ukoresha ijambo ry’ibanga abandi badashobora kumenya mu buryo bworoshye, kandi ujye urihindura nyuma y’igihe runaka. Ntugakoreshe ijambo rimwe ry’ibanga ahantu hatandukanye.

  7 Nomero z’ikarita ukoresha uhaha cyangwa amakuru ahereranye na konti yawe, ujye ubyohereza ku miyoboro ya interineti izwi kandi ibika neza amakuru uyihaye.

8 Ujye wandika neza aderesi zawe zo kuri interineti, cyane cyane izirebana n’ibigo by’imari. Ikosa rimwe rishobora gutuma ubutumwa bwawe bujya ku miyoboro y’abatekamutwe.

9 Ujye ukoresha imiyoboro ya interineti ikoresha amagambo y’ibanga mu gihe yohereza ubutumwa bw’ingenzi cyane, urugero nk’amakuru arebana n’ikarita ukoresha uhaha, kandi ufunge uwo muyoboro mu gihe umaze kuwukoresha.

10 Ujye uhora ugenzura ubyitondeye amakuru arebana n’uko wakoresheje ikarita ukoresha uhaha hamwe n’inyandiko wohererezwa na banki ubitsamo. Mu gihe ubonye amafaranga yabikujwe cyangwa agashyirwa kuri konti yawe utabizi, ujye uhita ubimenyesha banki.

11 Ujye uba maso mu gihe ukoresha interineti yohereza ubutumwa itabunyujije mu nsinga, kandi umutekano wayo ukaba utizewe. Abajura bashobora kwiba amakuru akwerekeye, bakayohereza ku miyoboro y’abatekamutwe.

12 Mu gihe ubonye ikibazo kigira kiti “ese tukubikire iri jambo ry’ibanga?,” ujye usubiza uti “oya.” Hari porogaramu (Trojan) zishobora guhita ziba amagambo y’ibanga yose wabitse.