Papa weRoma Ndiye “Mutsivi woMusande Petro” Here?

MUNA 2002, Papa John Paul II akanyora tsamba kuna bhishopi wokuLimburg, kuGermany, achichinja chisarudzo chakanga chaitwa nabhishopi uyu panyaya yokubvisa pamuviri. Akatanga nyaya yake achiti iye saPapa ndiye aifanira kuona ‘kuti vanhu vose vari muchechi vari kufara uye vakabatana zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa naJesu Kristu.’ Akazviti ndiye ane simba rokuchinja chisarudzo chakanga chaitwa nabhishopi nokuti sapapa, anonzi ndiye ‘akatsiva Musande Petro.’

Chechi yeRoma Katurike inoti, “Kristu akagadza Musande Petro kuti ave mukuru wevamwe vaapostora.” Inowedzera kuti, “Kristu akati chinzvimbo ichi chinokosha chaPetro chinofanira kuramba chichitsiviwa, uye mabhishopi eRoma ndiwo anofanira kuchitsiva.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia (2003), Vhoriyumu 11, mapeji 495-496.

Tinofanira kunyatsoongorora izvi zvinotaurwa nechechi yeRoma. Wakamboongorora kana zviri zvechokwadi here? Chimboona mhinduro dzemibvunzo mitatu inotevera: (1) Bhaibheri rinotsigira zviri kutaurwa izvi zvokuti Petro ndiye aiva papa wokutanga here? (2) Zvokutevedzana kwavanapapa zvakatangira papi? (3) Dzidziso uye tsika dzavanapapa dzinoenderana here nezvavanotaura zvokuti vatsivi vaPetro?

Petro Ndiye Aiva Papa Wokutanga Here?

Kuti varatidze kuti chitendero chavo chakatangwa naPetro, vechechi yeRoma vava nenguva vachitora mashoko aJesu akanyorwa pana Mateu 16:18 okuti: “Ndiwe Petro, uye padombo guru iri ndichavakira ungano yangu.” Mashoko aya akatonyorwa mumutauro wechiLatin pachivako chechechi iyi cheSt. Peter’s Basilica chiri kuRome.

Mumwe Fata anoremekedzwa muchechi iyi anonzi Augustine, aimbofungawo kuti chechi yakanga yakavakirwa pana Petro. Zvisinei, ava pedyo nokufa, akazochinja zvaaifunga kuti ndizvo zvinorehwa nemashoko aJesu. Mune rimwe bhuku rinonzi Retractations, Augustine akapa zvikonzero zvokuti chechi, kureva ungano yechiKristu, yakavakirwa pana Jesu, kwete pana Petro. *

Ichokwadi kuti muapostora Petro ndiye anonyanya kutaurwa nezvake mumabhuku eEvhangeri. Jesu akasarudza vaapostora vake vatatu, Johani, Jakobho, naPetro, kuti vave naye paiitika zviitiko zvinokosha. (Mako 5:37, 38; 9:2; 14:33) Jesu akapa Petro “kiyi dzoumambo hwokumatenga,” dzaakazoshandisa kuvhura nzira yoUmambo. Akatanga nokuvhurira vaJudha nevaya vakatendeukira kuchiJudha, kwozouya vaSamariya, kwozopedzisira vanhu vamamwe marudzi. (Mateu 16:19; Mabasa 2:5, 41; 8:14-17; 10:45) Petro zvaaiva munhu aisununguka kutaura mafungiro ake, dzimwe nguva ndiye aitaura achimiririra vamwe vaapostora vose. (Mabasa 1:15; 2:14) Asi izvi ndizvo here zvingaita kuti Petro anzi ndiye aiva mutungamiriri weungano yekutanga?

Ichokwadi kuti muapostora Pauro akanyora kuti Petro akapiwa simba rokuti ave “muapostora kune vaya vakadzingiswa [kana kuti vakachecheudzwa].” (VaGaratiya 2:8) Asi tikatarisa kwaibva  nyaya yacho tinoona kuti mashoko aPauro akanga asingarevi kuti Petro ndiye aitungamirira ungano. Chaaitaura ibasa rokuparidzira kuvaJudha raiitwa naPetro.

Kunyange zvazvo Petro akapiwa basa rakakura, muBhaibheri hapana patinomboona achizviti ndiye musoro weungano kana kuti achiitira vadzidzi vose zvisarudzo. Mutsamba yaakanyora, akati aingova “muapostora” uye “murume mukuru.”—1 Petro 1:1; 5:1.

Zvoupapa Zvakatangira Papi?

Pfungwa yokuti panofanira kuva napapa yakatanga sei uye rini? Pfungwa yokuti zvinoita kuti munhu azvikwidziridzwe kupfuura vaanonamata navo yakatanga vaapostora vachiri vapenyu. Vaapostora vaiona sei mafungiro aya?

Muapostora Petro pachake akatoudza varume vaitungamirira ungano kuti ‘vasazviita madzishe pane vaya vari nhaka yaMwari,’ asi kuti vaifanira kuva nepfungwa dzinozvininipisa kune mumwe nemumwe. (1 Petro 5:1-5) Muapostora Pauro akanyevera kuti muungano maizova nevarume ‘vaizotaura zvinhu zvisina kururama kuti vatsause vadzidzi vavatevere.’ (Mabasa 20:30) Zana remakore rokutanga C.E. rava kunopera, muapostora Johani akanyora tsamba achitsiura zvakasimba mudzidzi ainzi Dhiyotrefesi. Nei akamutsiura? Nokuti murume wacho ‘aida kuva nenzvimbo yokutanga’ muungano. (3 Johani 9) Zano iroro raibva kuvaapostora rakabatsira kwekanguva kuti pasava nemunhu anoda zvechinzvimbo kana kutsvaka mukurumbira.—2 VaTesaronika 2:3-8.

Muapostora wokupedzisira paakangofa, pane vamwe vakatanga kutsvaka mukurumbira. Bhuku rinonzi The Cambridge History of Christianity rinoti: “Gore ra150 C.E. risati rasvika, panofanira kunge pakanga pasina bhishopi mumwe chete ainzi ndiye mukuru pane vose muchechi yeRoma.” Pakazosvika zana remakore rechitatu, bhishopi wechechi yeRoma akazvipa simba rokuva mukuru wemamwe mapoka musangano iri. * Vachida kuti zvinzi bhishopi weRoma aiva nesimba rakakura, vamwe vakanyora ndandanda yemazita evainzi vakatsiva Petro.

Zvisinei, mazita aya haanyatsotsigiri zvavanotaura. Nei? Chokutanga, hapana magwaro kana zvimwe zvinyorwa zvinotsigira mazita evamwe vacho. Chinotonyanya kukosha ndechokuti, wacho wavanoti ndiye wokutanga pamazita acho haasiri iye. Sei tichidaro? Kunyange zvazvo mamwe mabhuku akanyorwa muzana remakore rokutanga nerechipiri achipa pfungwa yokuti Petro akaparidza muRoma, hapana uchapupu hunoratidza kuti ndiye aitungamirira ungano yeko.

Chimwe chinoratidza kuti Petro akanga asiri  iye aitungamirira ungano yekuRoma ndechokuti muapostora Pauro paakanyora tsamba yake kuvaRoma, akataura mazita evakawanda vaiva muungano iyi, asi haana kumbotaura nezvaPetro. (VaRoma 16:1-23) Kudai kuri kuti Petro ndiye aitungamirira ungano, unofunga kuti Pauro angadaro akamukanganwa here?

Cherechedzawo kuti Petro paakanyora tsamba yake yokutanga yakafuridzirwa, Pauro ndipo paakanyorawo yake yechipiri kuna Timoti. Mutsamba iyoyo, Pauro haana kumbozeza kutaura nezveRoma. Pauro akatonyora tsamba nhanhatu ari kuRoma, asi mune dzose haana kumbotaura nezvaPetro.

Muapostora Johani akazonyora tsamba nhatu nebhuku raZvakazarurwa patova nemakore 30 Pauro anyora tsamba dzake. Asi hapana paakambonyora kuti ungano yaiva kuRoma ndiyo yaipfuura dzose, uye haana kumbotaura kuti paiva nemutungamiriri wechechi ainzi akatsiva chinzvimbo chaPetro. Bhaibheri nedzimwe nhoroondo dzakaitika kare hazvitsigiri zvinotaurwa zvokuti Petro akazviita bhishopi weungano yaiva muRoma.

Dzidziso Uye Tsika Dzavanapapa Dzinoenderana Here Nezvavanotaura?

Munhu anozviti ndiye “mutsivi woMusande Petro” kana kuti “mumiririri waKristu” anofanira kunge achitevedzera mararamiro uye dzidziso dzaPetro nedzaKristu. Somuenzaniso, Petro aida here kuti vaainamata navo vamutarisire pamusoro? Kwete. Vanhu pavakaedza kuda kumunamata, Petro akaramba. (Mabasa 10:25, 26) Ko Jesu? Akataura kuti akauya kuzoshumira vanhu kwete kuti vanhu vamushumire. (Mateu 20:28) Ko vanapapa vanoitawo sei panyaya iyi? Vanoramba mukurumbira, mazita okuremekedza uye kuda zvokuonererwa noupfumi hwavo nesimba ravo here?

Petro naJesu varume vaizvibata uye vaiita kuti pave norugare. Enzanisa zvaiitwa nevarume ava nezvinotaurwa neenisaikoropidhiya yeRoma inonzi Lexikon für Theologie und Kirche (Lexicon for Theology and Church) pamusoro paPapa Leo X. Enisaikoropidhiya iyi inoti: “Leo X akaregeredza nyaya dzokunamata achiita zvematongerwo enyika, zvechizivano mune zvebhizimisi uye achida zvemafaro.” Mumwe mupristi weRoma ari zvekare muzvinafundo panyaya dzematangiro emachechi anonzi Karl Amon akataura kuti zvakaonekwa kuti Papa Alexander VI “aiita zvoukopokopo, aidzvinyirira vanhu vaiva pasi pake, uye aiita zvetsvete, ari nzenza.”

Ko dzidziso dzanapapa dzakamira sei? Dzakafanana here nezvaidzidziswa naPetro naKristu? Petro haana kumboti vanhu vose vakanaka vanoenda kudenga. Achitaura nezvaMambo Dhavhidhi uyo aiita zvakanaka, Petro akanyatsoratidza pachena kuti: “Dhavhidhi haana kukwira kumatenga.” (Mabasa 2:34) Uyezve, Petro haana kumbotaura kuti vana vacheche vanofanira kubhabhatidzwa. Asi akadzidzisa kuti munhu anoziva zvaari kuita ndiye anofanira kubhabhatidzwa.––1 Petro 3:21.

Jesu akadzidzisa kuti hapana mumwe wevadzidzi vake aifanira kuzviona sokunge kuti mukuru kupfuura vamwe. Akati: “Kana munhu achida kuva wokutanga, anofanira kuva wokupedzisira pane vamwe vose nomushumiri wevamwe vose.” (Mako 9:35) Jesu ava pedyo nokufa akapa vateveri vake murayiridzo uyu wakajeka: “Musanzi Rabhi, nokuti mudzidzisi wenyu mumwe chete, asi imi mose muri hama. Zvakare, musati baba kumunhu ari panyika, nokuti Baba venyu vamwe chete, Ivo vokudenga. Uyewo musanzi ‘vatungamiriri,’ nokuti Mutungamiriri wenyu mumwe chete, iye Kristu.” (Mateu 23:1, 8-10) Unofunga kuti vanapapa vakatsigira here dzidziso dzaPetro nedzaKristu?

Vamwe vanoti vanapapa vanofanira kuramba varipo kunyange kana vasingaiti zvinotarisirwa kumuKristu. Unofunga kuti izvi zvine musoro here? Jesu akati: “Muti wose wakanaka unobereka chibereko chakanaka, asi muti wose wakaora unobereka chibereko chisingabatsiri; muti wakanaka haugoni kubereka chibereko chisingabatsiri, nomuti wakaora haugoniwo kubereka chibereko chakanaka.” Kubva pane zvatakurukura, unofunga kuti Petro kana kuti Kristu vaizofadzwa here nezvibereko zvakaberekwa nanapapa?—Mateu 7:17, 18, 21-23.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 25]

Zviri kuitwa nanapapa zvinoratidza here kuti vari kutevedzera zvaiitwa naPetro?