Baibolo Lapona ku Vinandi

Baibolo lapona ku vinandi chomene, nakuti ntchakuzizika kuti lichalipo mpaka sono. Baibolo likamara kulembeka vyaka pafupifupi 1,900 ivyo vyajumpha. Ŵakalilembanga pa vinthu ivyo vikakaŵanga yayi kunangika, nga vikumba na malukwa, ndipo ŵakalilemba mu viyowoyero ivyo ŵakuyowoya mbanthu ŵachoko chomene mazuŵa ghano. Ŵamazaza ŵanyake na ŵalara ŵa visopa ŵakayezga nthowa zinandi kuti Baibolo lileke kusangika.

KASI chikachitika ntchivichi kuti Baibolo lipone ku vinthu vyose ivi na kuŵa buku lakumanyikwa chomene ku ŵanthu ŵanandi? Wonani fundo ziŵiri izi.

Baibolo Ŵakalikoperanga Kanandi Waka

Ŵaisrayeli awo ŵakasunganga mipukutu ghakwambilira ŵakakoperanga mazgu ghake pa mipukutu yiphya. Mwachiyelezgero, mathemba gha Israyeli ghakaphalirikanga kuti ghalembe “mazgu gha mu Dango ili, kutolera pa ilo ŵasembe awo Mbalevi ŵakusunga.”​—Dotoronome 17:18.

Ŵaisrayeli ŵanandi ŵakatemwanga kuŵerenga Malemba chifukwa ŵakamanyanga kuti ni Mazgu gha Chiuta. Ntheura awo ŵakakoperanga, ŵakasambizgika mwapadera chomene ndipo ŵakaŵikapo mtima kuti ŵakoperenge vyaunenesko. Yumoza wawo wakaŵa Ezira, uyo wakawopanga Chiuta ndipo wakamanyikwanga kuti “wakaŵa mulembi, wakalimanyanga makora chomene Dango la Mozesi, ilo Yehova Chiuta wa Israyeli wakapeleka.” (Ezira 7:6) Ŵalembi ŵanyake ŵa Chiyuda ŵakuchemeka Ŵamasoreti, awo ŵakakopera Malemba gha Chihebere, panji kuti “Tesitamenti Lakale,” mu vyaka vya m’ma 500 na 900 C.E., ŵakachitanga na kupenda mazgu wuwo kuti ŵaleke kubudiska pakukopera. Ivi vikawovwira chomene kuti ŵakoperenge vyaunenesko kweniso kuti Baibolo lilutilire kusangika nangauli pakaŵa ŵanthu ŵanandi awo ŵakakhumbanga yayi kuti lilutilire kusangika.

Mwachiyelezgero, mu 168 B.C.E., Themba la Ŵaasiriya Antiochus IV likakhumbanga kuparanya Malemba ghose gha Chihebere mu msumba wose wa Palestine. Mbiri yakale ya Ŵayuda yikuti: “Mpukutu uliwose wa dango uwo ŵakawusanga ŵakakelura na kotcha.” Buku linyake la The Jewish Encyclopedia likati: “Ŵasilikari awo ŵakagwiranga ntchito iyi ŵakaŵa ŵankhaza chomene. . . ŵakakomanga munthu waliyose uyo wasangika na mipukutu.” Ndipouli, mipukutu yikalutilira kusangika na Ŵayuda awo ŵakakhalanga mu Palestine na vigaŵa vinyake.

Awo ŵakalembanga mipukutu ŵakati ŵamara kulemba Malemba gha Chigiriki panji kuti “Tesitamenti Lasono,” makalata agho ŵakakopera, mauchimi, kweniso nkhani za midauko zikamba kusangika chomene. Mwachiyelezgero, Yohane wakalemba buku la Makani Ghawemi apo wakaŵa ku Efeso panji chakufupiko. Ndipouli, pakati pajumpha vyaka 50 kufuma apo wakalembera, nkhwantha zinyake zikuti chigaŵa cha buku ili chikasangika ku vigaŵa vyakutali chomene. Ivi vikulongora kuti nanga Mbakhristu awo ŵakakhalanga ku vigaŵa vyakutali chomene nawo uthenga wa Makani Ghawemi ukaŵafika.

Ivi vikawovwiraso kuti Mazgu gha Chiuta ghalutilire kusangika pamanyuma pakuti Yesu waluta kuchanya. Mwachiyelezgero, apo zuŵa likafumanga pa February 23 mu 303 C.E., Themba la Ŵaroma zina lake Diocletian likati likawona ŵasilikari ŵake ŵakujura chijaro cha tchalitchi na kwamba kotcha mipukutu ya Malemba. Diocletian wakagomezganga kuti wangamazga Chikhristu para wangawotcha mipukutu. Zuŵa lakulondezgapo, wakadumura kuti mipukutu yose ya Baibolo ŵayiwotche pakweru mu chigaŵa chake. Kweni mipukutu yinyake yikawotcheka yayi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵakalutilira kukopera. Nakuti vigaŵa viŵiri vikuru vya Baibolo la Chigiriki, ivyo vikakopereka pamanyuma pakuti Diocletian wagamula kuti mipukutu yose yiwotcheke, vichalipo mpaka sono. Chigaŵa chinyake chili ku layibulare ya ku Roma, ndipo chigaŵa chinyake chili ku layibulare ya ku Britain.

Nangauli pasono palije mipukutu yakwambilira ya Baibolo, kweni malemba ghake ghakopereka kanandi waka ndipo Baibolo lose panji chigaŵa chichoko waka vichalipo mpaka pano. Ghanyake ngakale chomene. Kasi apo ŵakakoperanga Baibolo ŵakasinthamo uthenga wake? Nkhwantha yinyake zina lake W. H. Green yikayowoyapo vyakukhwaskana na Malemba gha Chihebere, yikati: “Palije buku lakale ilo lili kukopereka mwaunenesko kuluska Baibolo.” Pakuyowoya vya Malemba gha Chigiriki, Sir Frederic Kenyon, uyo ni nkhwantha pakusanda Baibolo, wakati: “Kufuma apo mipukutu yeneko yikalembekera kuzakafika apo ŵanthu ŵakamba kukopera, pakajumpha nyengo yichoko chomene, ntheura tingakayikiraso yayi kuti ivyo ŵakakopera ni vyaunenesko. Tili na chigomezgo chose kuti ivyo vili mu Tesitamenti la sono ni vyaunenesko kweniso vyakugomezgeka.” Wakayowoyaso kuti: “Tikukayikira yayi kuti Baibolo lindasinthe. . . . Ndipo palije buku lakale chomene ilo lili kukopereka mwaunenesko nthena.”

Kung’anamura Baibolo

Chinthu chachiŵiri icho chawovwira kuti Baibolo limanyikwe chomene ntchakuti likusangika mu viyowoyero vinandi chomene. Ivi vikukolerana na khumbo la Chiuta lakuti ŵanthu ŵa mitundu yose na viyowoyero vyose ŵamumanye na kumusopa “mu mzimu na mu unenesko.”—Yohane 4:23, 24; Mika 4:2.

Baibolo lakwamba kung’anamulika kufuma ku Malemba gha Chihebere likaŵa la Septuagint mu Chigiriki. Baibolo ili likalembekera Ŵagiriki awo ŵakayowoyanga Chiyuda awo ŵakakhalanga kuwaro kwa msumba wa Palestine, ndipo likamara kulembeka kwati kwakhala vyaka 200 kuti Yesu wambe mulimo wake wa pa charu cha pasi. Kweni pakati pajumpha vyaka vichoko waka Malemba gha Chigiriki ghakamba kung’anamulika mu viyowoyero vinandi chomene. Kweni pamanyuma Mathemba kweniso Ŵasembe ŵakayezga nthowa zinandi kuti Baibolo lileke kusangika na ŵanthu ŵanandi. Iwo ŵakakana kung’anamura Baibolo mu viyowoyero vinandi chifukwa ŵakakhumbanga yayi kuti ŵanthu ŵamanye vinandi vyakukhwaskana na Chiuta.

Nangauli Ŵalara ŵa Boma, kweniso Ŵalongozgi ŵa visopa ŵakakhumbanga yayi kuti Baibolo lisangikenge mu viyowoyero vinandi, kweni pakaŵa ŵanalume ŵanyake ŵachikanga awo ŵakaŵika umoyo wawo pangozi na kwamba kung’anamura Baibolo mu viyowoyero ivyo ŵanthu ŵakavimanyanga makora. Mwachiyelezgero, mu 1530, mwanalume munyake wa ku England zina lake William Tyndale, uyo wakasambiranga pa yunivesite ya ku Oxford, wakang’anamura mabuku ghankhondi ghakwambilira gha Malemba gha Chihebere mu chiyowoyero cha Pentateuch. Nangauli pakaŵa ŵakususka ŵanandi, kweni Tyndale ndiyo wakaŵa wakwamba kung’anamura Baibolo kufuma ku Chihebere kuya mu Chingelezi. Ndiyo wakaŵaso wakwamba kung’anamura zina lakuti Yehova mu Chingelezi. Ŵalongozgi ŵa Chikatorika ŵakakhumbangaso kukoma nkhwantha yinyake yakusanda Baibolo ya ku Spain zina lake Casiodoro de Reina chifukwa yikang’anamura Baibolo mu Chisipanishi. Reina wakayenda mu vyaru nga England, Germany, France, Holland, na Switzerland kuti wamalizge kung’anamura Baibolo. *

Mazuŵa ghano napo Baibolo likulutilira kung’anamulika mu viyowoyero vinandi chomene ndipo Mabaibolo mamiliyoni ghanandi ghakusindikizgika. Baibolo lapona ku vinandi chomene, ndipo vikukolerana na fundo yambura kususkika iyo wakayowoya Mpositole Paulosi yakuti “utheka ukufota, ndipo luŵa likulakata, kweni mazgu gha Yehova ghakukhalilira muyirayira.”—1 Petrosi 1:24, 25.

[Mazgu Ghamusi

[Bokosi/​Vithuzithuzi]

KASI MUKWENERA KUŴERENGA BAIBOLO WULI?

Viyowoyero vinandi vili na ma Baibolo agho ghali kung’anamulika mwakupambanapambana. Mu Mabaibolo ghanyake muli mazgu ghanonono kweniso ghakale chomene. Ghanyake ghali kung’anamurika mu nthowa yipusu kweni fundo zake ni zaunenesko yayi. Ndipouli ghanyake ŵali kung’anamura waka lizgu pa lizgu.

Baibolo la Chingelezi la New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures (Malemba Ghakupatulika mu Mang’anamuliro gha Charu Chiphya), lakusindikizgika na Ŵakaboni ŵa Yehova, likang’anamurika kufuma ku chiyowoyero cheneko icho Baibolo likalembekera. Ndipo Ŵanthu awo ŵakang’anamuranga Baibolo ili ŵandajiphare mazina ghawo. Ndipo viyowoyero pafupifupi 60 vikung’anamura kufuma ku Baibolo ili. Awo ŵakung’anamura ma Baibolo agha ŵakuyaniska na ivyo vili mu chiyowoyero chakwamba kuti ŵawone usange vikupambana. Para uthenga uwo uli mu Baibolo lawo lakale ukupambana yayi na uwo uli mu Baibolo la Mang’anamuliro gha Charu chiphya ŵakukopera waka. Awo ŵakung’anamura ma Baibolo agha, ŵakuwoneseska kuti uthenga wake ukupulikikwa nga umo ŵakapulikiranga ŵanthu ŵa mu nyengo yakale mu chiyowoyero icho Baibolo likalembekera.

Nkhwantha zinyake zaŵerenga ma Baibolo ghakupambanapambana kusazgapo la Mang’anamuliro gha Charu Chiphya kuti ŵawone usange uthenga wake ukupambana na uwo ukaŵa mu chiyowoyero chakale, kweniso usange ŵali kusazgiramo mazgu ghanyake kuti vikolerane na ivyo ŵakugomezga. Yumoza wawo ni Jason David BeDuhn Purofesa wakuwona vya masambiro gha chisopa pa Yunivesite ya Northern Arizona ku United States. Mu 2003 wakasindikizga buku la mapeji 200 lakuyowoya vya Mabaibolo 9 “gha Chingelezi agho ŵanthu ŵakughagwiliskira chomene ntchito pa charu chapasi.” * Mu buku lake wakalongosoramo malemba ghanandi agho awo ŵakang’anamuranga ŵakalemba mwakupambana, ndipo ŵakasintha ng’anamuro lake kuti “vikolerane na ivyo iwo ŵakugomezga.” Iyo wakayaniskanga mazgu gha Chigiriki na umo ŵakang’anamulira mu Chingelezi na kuwona usange ŵakasintha ng’anamuro lake, kuti vikolerane na ivyo iwo ŵakugomezga. Kasi wakasanga vichi?

BeDuhn wakayowoya kuti ŵanthu ŵanandi kusazgapo awo ŵakusanda Baibolo ŵakasanga kuti Baibolo la New World Translation (NW) likupambana na Mabaibolo ghanyake chifukwa chakuti awo ŵakang’anamuranga Baibolo ili ŵasintha vinyake kuti vikolerane na ivyo ŵakugomezga. Ndipouli, iyo wakayowoya kuti: “Mphambano yikuru njakuti Baibolo la Mang’anamuliro gha Charu Chiphya lili kung’anamurika mwaunenesko.” BeDuhn wakati nangauli wakukolerana yayi na fundo zinyake izo zili mu Baibolo la Mang’anamuliro gha Charu Chiphya kweni ŵali kung’anamura makora chomene ndipo ndaunenesko kupambana na Mabaibolo ghanyake.” Ndipo wakuti Baibolo ili ŵali kung’anamura “makora chomene.”

Dr. Benjamin Kedar, nkhwantha pa chiyowoyero cha Chihebere wa ku Israyeli wakayowoya vyakuyana waka vyakukhwaskana na Baibolo la Mang’anamuliro gha Charu Chiphya. Mu 1989 wakayowoya kuti: “Awo ŵakang’anamuranga Baibolo ili, ŵakaŵikapo mtima chomene kuti ŵang’anamure vyakupulikikwa makora kweniso vyaunenesko. . . . Nindawonepo kuti mu Baibolo la Mang’anamuliro gha Charu Chiphya ŵasintha fundo zinyake kuti zikolerane na ivyo ŵakugomezga.”

Jifumbani kuti: ‘Kasi para nkhuŵerenga Baibolo chilato ntchakuti wuli? Kasi nkhukhumba waka kuŵerenga Baibolo ilo ndipusu kweni likuyowoya vyautesi? Panji kasi nkhukhumba kuŵerenga Baibolo ilo fundo zake zikuyana na umo zikaŵira pakwamba?’ (2 Petrosi 1:20, 21) Mungasankha mwekha kuŵerenga Baibolo ilo mukukhumba, kuyana na chilato icho muli nacho.

[Mazgu Ghamusi]

[Chithuzithuzi]

Baibolo la “Malemba Ghakupatulika mu Mang’anamuliro gha Charu Chiphya” likusangika mu viyowoyero vinandi chomene

[Chithuzithuzi]

Mipukutu ya Ŵaamasoreti

[Chithuzithuzi]

Chigaŵa cha mazgu agho ghali pa Luka 12:7, “. . . kopa chara, imwe muli ŵakuzirwa kuluska mpheta zinandi.”

[Kulongosora Vithuzi]

Foreground page: National Library of Russia, St. Petersburg; second and third: Bibelmuseum, Münster; background: © The Trustees of the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin